醫(yī)用電子內(nèi)窺鏡是一種可插入人體腔體和內(nèi)臟腔進(jìn)行直接觀察、診斷和治療的醫(yī)用電子光學(xué)儀器。可以直接觀察人體內(nèi)部器官的組織形態(tài)，提高診斷的準(zhǔn)確性。醫(yī)療外科診療技術(shù)與醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡相結(jié)合的諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)已得到醫(yī)學(xué)界的認(rèn)可。下面講一下醫(yī)用電子內(nèi)窺鏡的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理。

Medical electronic endoscope is a kind of medical electronic optical instrument that can be inserted into human body cavity and visceral cavity for direct observation, diagnosis and treatment. It can directly observe the tissue morphology of human internal organs and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Many advantages of the combination of medical surgical diagnosis and treatment technology and medical endoscope have been recognized by the medical community. Now let's talk about the basic structure and working principle of medical electronic endoscope.

一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)

1、 Basic structure

電子內(nèi)窺鏡的主要結(jié)構(gòu)由CCD耦合腔鏡、腔內(nèi)冷光照明系統(tǒng)、視頻處理系統(tǒng)、顯示打印系統(tǒng)組成。CCD耦合腔鏡將CCD耦合裝置放置在腔鏡的尖端，直接對(duì)腔內(nèi)的組織或部位進(jìn)行拍照，并通過電纜將信號(hào)傳輸?shù)綀D像的中心。

The main structure of electronic endoscope is composed of CCD coupling cavity mirror, cavity cold light lighting system, video processing system and display printing system. CCD coupling cavity mirror places the CCD coupling device at the tip of the cavity mirror, directly takes photos of the tissues or parts in the cavity, and transmits the signal to the center of the image through the cable.

內(nèi)窺鏡的歷史經(jīng)歷了從硬式光學(xué)內(nèi)窺鏡到光纖內(nèi)窺鏡再到電子內(nèi)窺鏡的過程。內(nèi)窺鏡不通過光學(xué)透鏡或光纖傳輸圖像，而是通過安裝在內(nèi)窺鏡尖端的稱為“微型相機(jī)”的光電耦合元件CCD將光能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能，然后由圖像處理器“重構(gòu)”.高清、逼真的圖像顯示在監(jiān)視器屏幕上。

The history of endoscope has gone through the process from hard optical endoscope to optical fiber endoscope and then to electronic endoscope. The endoscope does not transmit images through optical lens or optical fiber, but converts light energy into electric energy through the photoelectric coupling element CCD called "micro camera" installed on the tip of the endoscope, and then "reconstructs" by the image processor High definition and realistic images are displayed on the monitor screen.

二、工作原理

2、 Working principle

電子內(nèi)窺鏡的工作原理是冷光源照射到被檢查或手術(shù)部位后，物鏡將待測(cè)物體成像在CCD感光面上，CCD將光信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)，即通過電纜傳輸?shù)揭曨l處理器。顯示在監(jiān)視器上。

The working principle of the electronic endoscope is that after the cold light source irradiates the examined or operated part, the objective lens images the object to be measured on the CCD photosensitive surface, and the CCD converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, that is, it is transmitted to the video processor through the cable. Displayed on the monitor.

CCD的感光面由規(guī)則排列的二極管組成，每個(gè)二極管稱為一個(gè)像素，像素的數(shù)量決定了圖像的質(zhì)量。目前的生產(chǎn)工藝一般可以達(dá)到30萬到41萬像素。

The photosensitive surface of CCD is composed of regularly arranged diodes. Each diode is called a pixel. The number of pixels determines the quality of the image. The current production process can generally reach 300000 to 410000 pixels.
 

電子內(nèi)窺鏡的靶面和有效尺寸約為Fi（外徑）=2mm，CCD輸出信號(hào)的一級(jí)放大電路也應(yīng)包含在2mm的圓柱體積內(nèi)。電子內(nèi)窺鏡圖像的質(zhì)量主要取決于CCD的性能，其次是驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和后處理系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，包括分辨率、靈敏度、信號(hào)噪聲、光譜響應(yīng)、暗電流、動(dòng)態(tài)范圍和圖像滯后.

The target surface and effective size of the electronic endoscope are about fi (outer diameter) =2mm, and the primary amplification circuit of the CCD output signal should also be included in the 2mm cylindrical volume. The quality of electronic endoscope image mainly depends on the performance of CCD, followed by the technical indicators of driving circuit and post-processing system, including resolution, sensitivity, signal noise, spectral response, dark current, dynamic range and image lag

內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備維修人員認(rèn)為有幾種方法可以安裝CCD。當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)CCD替代纖維鏡中的光纖圖像光束時(shí)，形成了將CCD安裝在電子內(nèi)窺鏡尖端的一種方法，即CCD的受光面垂直于掃描方向。物鏡的光軸。這是一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種情況下，必須使用超小型CCD，以便縮短尖端的剛性部分。

There are several ways to install CCD. When the CCD is designed to replace the optical fiber image beam in the fiber mirror, a method of installing the CCD on the tip of the electronic endoscope is formed, that is, the light receiving surface of the CCD is perpendicular to the scanning direction. Optical axis of objective lens. This is a very simple structure. In this case, a subminiature CCD must be used in order to shorten the rigid part of the tip.

二是CCD的受光面與物鏡的光軸平行，物鏡發(fā)出的光通過90°轉(zhuǎn)向棱鏡照射到CCD的受光面上。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的電子內(nèi)窺鏡增加像素?cái)?shù)的空間很大，目前逐漸采用這種安裝方式。

Second, the light receiving surface of the CCD is parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the light emitted by the objective lens shines on the light receiving surface of the CCD through a 90 ° turning prism. The electronic endoscope with this structure has a large space to increase the number of pixels, and this installation method is gradually adopted at present.

醫(yī)用電子內(nèi)窺鏡的基本組成結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理相關(guān)內(nèi)容就講到這里了，如果您的需求是購(gòu)買或者維修該設(shè)備，那您可以來關(guān)注我們網(wǎng)站http://www.rxjhq.cn，為您解答疑問。

That's all for the basic structure and working principle of medical electronic endoscope. If your need is to buy or repair the equipment, you can follow our website http://www.rxjhq.cn , to answer your questions.