With the development of science and technology, the surgery for the treatment of urinary calculi has ushered in a great reform. The traditional open surgery has gradually replaced the minimally invasive surgery of lumen endoscopy. The treatment of renal calculi by ureteroscopy is laser lithotripsy through human's natural urethra.

下面小編整理了一些纖維輸尿管軟鏡的優(yōu)勢(shì)：

Here are some advantages of fiber ureteroscopy:

1、適應(yīng)癥廣，術(shù)后恢復(fù)快 手術(shù)過(guò)程中對(duì)生理組織損傷小，能有效減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。術(shù)后平均住院時(shí)間為5-7天，患者能在短期內(nèi)恢復(fù)健康。

1. Kwai Fu is widely used. It can reduce the postoperative physiological complications and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. The average postoperative hospital stay is 5-7 days, and the patients can recover in a short time.

2、手術(shù)無(wú)創(chuàng)，保護(hù)腎臟無(wú)損傷 纖維軟性腎鏡經(jīng)人體泌尿系統(tǒng)自然通道進(jìn)入輸尿管及腎臟，配合先進(jìn)的取石/碎石設(shè)備取出泌尿系結(jié)石，保護(hù)腎臟的同時(shí)不會(huì)在患者體表留下任何創(chuàng)口。

2. The operation is non-invasive and protects the kidney from damage. The fiber soft nephroscope enters the ureter and kidney through the natural channel of the human urinary system, and cooperates with the advanced stone removal / lithotripsy equipment to remove the urinary calculi, so as to protect the kidney without leaving any wounds on the patient's body surface.

3、定位精確，碎石率更高 手術(shù)在清晰視野引導(dǎo)及結(jié)石精確定位下，配合雙導(dǎo)管、鈥激光等先進(jìn)碎石設(shè)備將其擊碎后使其排出體外，結(jié)石取凈率更高。

3. With accurate positioning and higher lithotripsy rate, under the guidance of clear field of vision and accurate positioning of stones, combined with advanced lithotripsy equipment such as double catheter and holmium laser, the stones are broken and discharged out of the body, and the stone removal rate is higher.

4、先進(jìn)軟鏡，手術(shù)視野廣闊 術(shù)中使用的纖維軟性腎鏡鏡體纖細(xì)柔軟，鏡頭可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)彎曲180度，逆行進(jìn)入腎盂各小盞，快速、準(zhǔn)確地找到結(jié)石，手術(shù)視野廣闊清晰。

4. The advanced soft mirror has a wide surgical field of vision. The fiber soft nephroscope used in the operation is thin and soft. The lens can rotate and bend 180 degrees and retrograde into each calyce of the renal pelvis to find stones quickly and accurately. The surgical field of vision is broad and clear.

5、尖端導(dǎo)引鞘，人體腔道傷害小 遵循人體工學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的輸尿管導(dǎo)引鞘擁有親水涂層，能降低表面摩擦，使手術(shù)插入更容易。其前端呈平滑長(zhǎng)錐形，可一步擴(kuò)張到位，減少創(chuàng)傷。

5. The tip guide sheath has little damage to the human lumen. The ureteral guide sheath designed according to ergonomics has a hydrophilic coating, which can reduce the surface friction and make the surgical insertion easier. Its front end is a smooth long cone, which can be expanded in one step to reduce trauma.

在輸尿管中取結(jié)石，結(jié)石回移到腎是手術(shù)失敗的主要原因。其中主要是在碎石過(guò)程中的操作不當(dāng)引起的，而pcnl的清石率較高，且因?yàn)檩斈蚬茜R維修成本貴，其發(fā)展緩慢。

Taking stones from ureter and moving them back to kidney are the main reasons for the failure of operation. It is mainly caused by improper operation in the process of lithotripsy, while the stone removal rate of PCNL is high, and its development is slow because of the high maintenance cost of ureteroscopy.

隨著光學(xué)、電子工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展，放射介入、超聲、CT和MRI等診斷技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，以及腔內(nèi)設(shè)備(如超聲碎石、液電碎石、氣壓彈道碎石、激光碎石等)的不斷改進(jìn)，經(jīng)皮腎鏡技術(shù)在臨床上的應(yīng)用呈現(xiàn)飛躍性發(fā)展。隨著臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷積累及技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)的逐步改進(jìn)和完善，經(jīng)皮腎鏡技術(shù)成功率不斷提高，并發(fā)癥逐漸降低，治療范圍逐步擴(kuò)大。

With the development of optical and electronic engineering technology, the wide application of diagnostic technologies such as radiation intervention, ultrasound, CT and MRI, and the continuous improvement of intracavitary equipment (such as ultrasonic lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, laser lithotripsy, etc.), the clinical application of percutaneous nephroscopy technology presents a leap forward development. With the continuous accumulation of clinical experience and the gradual improvement and perfection of technical details, the success rate of percutaneous nephroscopy technology continues to improve, the complications are gradually reduced, and the scope of treatment is gradually expanded.

隨著輸尿管軟鏡及其腔內(nèi)器械的發(fā)展，經(jīng)皮腎技術(shù)的適應(yīng)范圍得到擴(kuò)大。經(jīng)皮腎術(shù)中配合使用腎鏡和輸尿管軟鏡的應(yīng)用逐步成熟，尤其針對(duì)復(fù)雜鹿角形結(jié)石，減少穿刺通道數(shù)目，減少損失，避免手術(shù)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。如今，經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石技術(shù)成為腔內(nèi)泌尿外科技術(shù)重要的組成部分，并極大地推動(dòng)腔內(nèi)泌尿外科學(xué)的發(fā)展。

With the development of ureteroscopy and intraluminal instruments, the scope of application of percutaneous nephrology has been expanded. The application of nephroscope and ureteroscopy in combination with percutaneous nephrology has gradually matured, especially for complex staghorn calculi, so as to reduce the number of puncture channels, reduce losses and avoid the occurrence of surgical complications. Nowadays, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has become an important part of endourology and greatly promoted the development of endourology.

PCNL處理腎結(jié)石清石率高的主要原因在于：①多種碎石設(shè)備可供選擇，如超聲碎石、液電碎石、氣壓彈道碎石、激光等，尤其EMS碎石系統(tǒng)，碎石的同時(shí)可以采用負(fù)壓引用的方式，將結(jié)石吸出。②選擇合理的通道，單通道即可處理腎內(nèi)各個(gè)角落的結(jié)石，不受結(jié)石位置的限制。

The main reasons for the high stone removal rate of PCNL in the treatment of kidney stones are as follows: ① a variety of lithotripsy equipment are available, such as ultrasonic lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, laser, etc., especially EMS lithotripsy system. Negative pressure can be used to suck out the stones at the same time. ② Choose a reasonable channel. A single channel can deal with stones in every corner of the kidney, which is not limited by the location of stones.