用來直接觀察人體器官內部腔體的醫療裝置稱為內窺鏡。內窺鏡一般由攝像、冷光源、主機、顯示器、導光束等結構及針對不同部位的鏡頭組成。內窺鏡經人體的天然孔道或經小切口進入人體內，通過CCD采集并逐級處理后在外部顯示器成像，多用于人體器官或組織的檢查及手術治療。

The medical device used to directly observe the internal cavities of human organs is called an endoscope. Endoscopes are generally composed of cameras, cold light sources, hosts, displays, guiding beams, and other structures, as well as lenses for different parts. Endoscopes enter the human body through natural pores or small incisions, are collected and processed by CCD, and then imaged on external displays. They are often used for examination and surgical treatment of human organs or tissues.

按其發展及成像構造分類：可大體分為3大類：硬管式內窺鏡、纖維內窺鏡和電子內窺鏡。

According to its development and imaging structure, it can be broadly divided into three categories: rigid tube endoscopes, fiber endoscopes, and electronic endoscopes.

硬管式內窺鏡

Rigid tube endoscope

硬管式內窺鏡包括傳像、照明、工作通道三大部分。傳像部分分為物鏡、中繼系統、目鏡組成傳導圖像。照明部分采用冷光源用光導纖維穿入境內的方法。工作通道作用為送氣、送水、通活檢鉗。硬性內窺鏡產品有喉鏡、鼻竇鏡、膀胱鏡、子宮鏡、直腸鏡等，狼牌(WOLF)、史托斯(STORZ)硬性鏡市場做的最好，還有很多品牌硬性鏡，競爭激烈。

A rigid tube endoscope includes three main parts: image transmission, lighting, and working channels. The transmission part consists of an objective lens, a relay system, and an eyepiece to transmit images. The lighting part adopts the method of using cold light sources and optical fibers to penetrate the territory. The function of the working channel is to supply air, water, and biopsy forceps. Hard endoscope products include laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, rectoscopes, etc. WOLF and STORZ are the best in the hard endoscope market, and there are also many brands of hard endoscopes, with fierce competition.

喉鏡、鼻竇鏡、羊水鏡由外鏡管、光導束、內鏡管、光學系統、鏡體、光導束接口、目端接管、目鏡罩等組成。

Laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, and amnioscopes are composed of an external tube, a light guide beam, an endoscopic tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, and an eyepiece cover.

膀胱鏡由光學內窺鏡、操作器、鏡鞘、窺鏡橋等組成。

The cystoscope consists of an optical endoscope, an operator, a sheath, and a bridge.

子宮鏡一種由22°角外鏡管、光導束、內鏡管、光學系統、鏡體、光導束接口、目端接管、目鏡罩、輸液管、操作管、限位器、宮頸塞等組成；另一種由內窺鏡體、操作器、鞘套組成。

Hysteroscopy is composed of a 22 ° angle external endoscope tube, a light guide beam, an endoscope tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, an eyepiece cover, an infusion tube, an operating tube, a limiter, a cervical plug, etc; Another type is composed of an endoscope body, an operator, and a sheath.

直腸鏡一種是帶有光學系統的內窺鏡，由閉孔器、窺視管、手柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴、光導束接口等組成；另一種是沒有光學系統的內窺鏡，只有內外窺視管，中間裝有照明光導束，帶有手柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴、光導束接口等組成的直腸鏡。

Rectoscopy is an endoscope with an optical system, consisting of a obturator, a viewing tube, a handle, a disc, an air nozzle, and an optical beam interface; Another type is an endoscope without an optical system, consisting only of an inner and outer endoscope tube, with an illuminated light guide beam in the middle, and a rectal endoscope composed of a handle, a mirror disc, an air injection nozzle, and a light guide beam interface.

纖維內窺鏡

Fiber endoscope

用纖維光束傳像和導光或用CCD傳導圖像的內窺鏡成為纖維內窺鏡。由于它具有良好的柔軟性和方便的操作性能，在醫學上得到了廣泛的應用。目前產品有胃鏡、十二指腸鏡、結腸鏡、膽道鏡、小腸鏡、支氣管鏡、輸尿管鏡等。

Endoscopes that transmit images and guide light using fiber beams or transmit images using CCD become fiber endoscopes. Due to its excellent flexibility and convenient operational performance, it has been widely used in medicine. At present, our products include gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, colonoscopy, choledochoscopy, enteroscopy, bronchoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.

纖維內窺鏡一般由目鏡、手輪（軟性或半硬性）、鉗道口、導光束接口、導像束、導光束組成，有些產品還包括送水（氣）孔、閉孔器等。

Fiber endoscopes are generally composed of an eyepiece, a handwheel (soft or semi hard), a clamp port, a guide beam interface, a guide image beam, and a guide beam. Some products also include water (air) holes, closers, etc.

本文由內窺鏡設備維修友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊:http://www.rxjhq.cn真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

This article is dedicated to the maintenance of endoscopic equipment. For more information, please click: http://www.rxjhq.cn Sincere attitude. We will provide you with comprehensive service. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Stay tuned