一、常見故障類型及表現

1、 Common types and manifestations of faults

（一）光學成像故障

（1） Optical imaging malfunction

鏡頭作為內窺鏡設備的 “眼睛”，一旦出現問題，會直接影響成像質量。鏡頭表面的劃痕、污垢、磨損，或是鏡頭內部出現霧氣、水珠，都可能導致圖像模糊不清。此外，鏡頭破裂、損壞還會造成部分視野缺失或圖像變形。照明系統故障也較為常見，照明燈泡故障、光纖損壞或斷裂，會使進入內窺鏡的光線不足，導致視野光線昏暗；照明部分組件損壞，則可能造成光線在視野內分布不均勻。

As the "eyes" of endoscopic equipment, once there is a problem with the lens, it will directly affect the imaging quality. Scratches, dirt, and wear on the surface of the lens, or the presence of fog and water droplets inside the lens, can all cause blurry images. In addition, lens breakage or damage can also cause partial field of view loss or image distortion. Lighting system failures are also common, such as lighting bulb malfunctions, fiber optic damage or breakage, which can cause insufficient light to enter the endoscope, resulting in dim field of view; If the lighting components are damaged, it may cause uneven distribution of light within the field of view.

（二）機械結構故障

（2） Mechanical structural failure

插入管是內窺鏡深入檢測區域的關鍵部件，其外皮破損、內部結構變形，會導致插入過程中彎曲不順暢或卡頓。此外，插入管破裂還會引發漏水問題，進而影響內部的光學和電氣系統。操作手柄部分的控制按鈕若出現損壞、接觸不良等情況，會使操作功能無法正常執行，如焦距、角度調節失靈；與主機連接的線纜斷裂，還會導致信號傳輸中斷，造成圖像消失或出現干擾。

The insertion tube is a key component for endoscopes to penetrate into the detection area, and its outer skin is damaged or its internal structure is deformed, which can cause uneven bending or jamming during the insertion process. In addition, the rupture of the insertion tube can also cause water leakage problems, which in turn affect the internal optical and electrical systems. If the control buttons on the operating handle are damaged or have poor contact, it will prevent the normal execution of the operating functions, such as the failure of focal length and angle adjustment; A broken cable connected to the host can also cause signal transmission interruption, resulting in image disappearance or interference.

（三）電氣系統故障

（3） Electrical system malfunction

內部電路故障會引發短路或斷路問題，致使內窺鏡完全無法工作，或工作不穩定。而與主機或其他設備連接部位的松動、接觸不良，也會導致圖像丟失、信號不穩定。

Internal circuit faults can cause short circuits or open circuits, resulting in the endoscope being completely inoperable or unstable. Loose connections or poor contact with the host or other devices can also lead to image loss and unstable signals.

二、維修流程與技術要點

2、 Maintenance process and technical points

（一）故障診斷

（1） Fault diagnosis

專業維修人員會先對設備進行全面的外觀檢查，查看是否有明顯的物理損壞，如外殼破裂、線纜磨損等。之后開展功能測試，模擬設備的正常使用場景，觀察設備的運行狀態，分析故障表現。例如，在檢查成像質量時，會使用專業的圖像測試工具，評估圖像的清晰度、色彩還原度等參數。對于一些復雜的故障，還會借助專業的檢測設備，如示波器、萬用表等，對電路進行檢測，確定故障的具體位置和原因。

Professional maintenance personnel will first conduct a comprehensive visual inspection of the equipment to see if there are any obvious physical damages, such as shell rupture, cable wear, etc. Afterwards, functional testing will be conducted to simulate the normal usage scenarios of the equipment, observe the operating status of the equipment, and analyze the fault manifestations. For example, when checking imaging quality, professional image testing tools are used to evaluate parameters such as image clarity and color reproduction. For some complex faults, professional testing equipment such as oscilloscopes and multimeters will be used to detect the circuit and determine the specific location and cause of the fault.

（二）維修實施

（2） Maintenance implementation

針對不同的故障類型，維修人員會采取相應的維修措施。對于光學成像故障，若鏡頭表面有污垢，會使用專業的清潔工具和試劑進行清潔；若鏡頭出現劃痕或損壞，可能需要更換新的鏡頭組件。照明系統故障則需根據具體情況，更換損壞的燈泡或光纖。在處理機械結構故障時，對于插入管外皮破損，可采用特殊的修復材料進行修補；若內部結構變形嚴重，可能需要更換整個插入管。操作手柄的按鈕和線纜故障，一般通過更換損壞的部件來解決。電氣系統故障較為復雜，需要具備扎實的電路知識和豐富的維修經驗，對故障電路進行修復或更換故障元件。

For different types of faults, maintenance personnel will take corresponding maintenance measures. For optical imaging faults, if there is dirt on the surface of the lens, professional cleaning tools and reagents will be used for cleaning; If the lens is scratched or damaged, it may need to be replaced with a new lens component. If there is a malfunction in the lighting system, the damaged light bulb or fiber optic cable needs to be replaced according to the specific situation. When dealing with mechanical structural failures, special repair materials can be used to repair the damaged outer skin of the insertion tube; If the internal structure is severely deformed, it may be necessary to replace the entire insertion tube. Button and cable faults in the joystick are usually resolved by replacing damaged components. Electrical system faults are relatively complex and require solid circuit knowledge and rich maintenance experience to repair or replace faulty components in faulty circuits.

（三）質量檢測

（3） Quality inspection

維修完成后，需對設備進行嚴格的質量檢測。再次進行功能測試，確保設備各項功能恢復正常。同時，還會進行性能測試，如檢測成像質量、機械結構的靈活性、電氣系統的穩定性等，確保設備達到或接近原有的性能標準。只有通過質量檢測的設備，才能交付使用。

After the maintenance is completed, strict quality inspection of the equipment is required. Perform functional testing again to ensure that all functions of the device are restored to normal. At the same time, performance testing will also be conducted, such as detecting imaging quality, flexibility of mechanical structures, stability of electrical systems, etc., to ensure that the equipment meets or approaches the original performance standards. Only equipment that has passed quality testing can be delivered for use.

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