As the main tool of minimally invasive surgery, the development of medical endoscope is still very promising. The repair and maintenance of endoscope is also very important. The imaging quality of electronic endoscope is higher and has gradually become the mainstream of the market.

內窺鏡廠商集中度較高，日本和德國廠商占據主導地位，進口替代程度較低，國產產品總體占比不足5%。

Endoscope manufacturers are highly concentrated, dominated by Japanese and German manufacturers, with a low degree of import substitution, and the overall proportion of domestic products is less than 5%.

軟性內窺鏡領域壁壘極高，由于日本企業在光學領域的技術積累和領先水平，全球范圍的市場基本被奧林巴斯、賓得、富士等日企瓜分，合計占據90%以上的市場份額。

Barriers in the field of soft endoscopes are extremely high. Due to the technology accumulation and leading level of Japanese enterprises in the optical field, the global market is basically divided by Japanese enterprises such as Olympus, Pentax and Fuji, accounting for more than 90% of the market share.

國產產品與進口產品在光學積累和加工工藝上存在較大差距，進口替代進程緩慢。部分國產企業（上海成運、上海醫光、上海澳華光電）有涉及消化道軟鏡，但是以較為低端的標清產品為主，開立和澳華近年推出了國產高清消化道軟鏡，性能有一定提升，但是目前客戶主要以二級及以下醫院采購為主，進入三級醫院存在難度。

There is a big gap between domestic products and imported products in optical accumulation and processing technology, and the process of import substitution is slow. Some domestic enterprises (Shanghai Chengyun, Shanghai Yiguang and Shanghai Aohua Optoelectronics) are involved in digestive tract soft mirrors, but they mainly focus on low-end standard definition products. Kaikai and Aohua have launched domestic high-definition digestive tract soft mirrors in recent years, and their performance has been improved to a certain extent. However, at present, customers are mainly purchased from level II and below hospitals, so it is difficult to enter level III hospitals.

①內窺鏡行業技術壁壘極高：內窺鏡是集光學、電子、結構、材料等多學科技術為一體的器械，技術壁壘極高。鏡體內部包含多個通道，包括照明光纖、傳像光纖、傳氣通道、傳水通道等，需要多個專業領域的人才相互配合。

① The endoscope industry has extremely high technical barriers: the endoscope is an instrument integrating multi-disciplinary technologies such as optics, electronics, structure and materials, with extremely high technical barriers. The interior of the mirror body contains multiple channels, including lighting fiber, image fiber, air channel, water channel, etc., which need the cooperation of talents in multiple professional fields.

光學技術：核心部件是鏡頭和圖像傳感器，技術難點是攝像頭光學模組設計。

Optical technology: the core components are lens and image sensor, and the technical difficulty is the design of camera optical module.

圖像處理算法與成像：降噪技術和邊緣增強技術，例如NBI窄帶成像技術和FICE分光技術等，且日本廠家已經申請了很多專利進行保護。

Image processing algorithm and imaging: noise reduction technology and edge enhancement technology, such as NBI narrowband imaging technology and fice spectroscopy technology, and Japanese manufacturers have applied for many patents for protection.

材料與加工工藝：在細微構造、材料等方面，有大量的專利和技術要訣。例如找到軟硬適中的材料適于插入，量產超細部分加工與組裝工藝。

Materials and processing technology: there are a large number of patents and technical know-how in terms of fine structure and materials. For example, find materials with moderate hardness and softness suitable for insertion and mass production of ultra-fine part processing and assembly process.

②先發優勢明顯，老牌企業已建立產業護城河。

② The first mover advantage is obvious, and the old enterprises have established an industrial moat.

上游技術封鎖：阻斷上游核心部件出口，提前布局進行專利封鎖，且海外企業不在國內設立研發中心，防止人才與技術流失。

Upstream technology blockade: block the export of upstream core components, conduct patent blockade in advance, and overseas enterprises do not set up R & D centers in China to prevent the loss of talents and technology.